Japan’s Coming of Age Day, known as Seijin no Hi (成人の日), is a national holiday that celebrates young people who have reached adulthood. Observed annually on the second Monday of January, the day honours those who turn 20 years old, the age at which individuals are traditionally recognised as adults in Japanese society.
Historical Background
The origins of Coming of Age Day can be traced back to ancient Japan, where ceremonies marked important life transitions such as reaching adulthood. One of the earliest known traditions is the Genpuku ceremony, practiced during the Heian period (794–1185). During Genpuku, young boys from noble families would adopt adult hairstyles, clothing, and names, symbolising their entry into adult society.
Modern Coming of Age Day began after World War II. In 1946, a town in Saitama Prefecture held a celebration called “Youth Festival” to encourage and inspire young people during the difficult postwar period. The event was well received and soon gained national attention. As a result, the Japanese government officially established Coming of Age Day as a national holiday in 1948.
Originally celebrated on 15th January, the date was later moved to the second Monday of January in 2000 as part of Japan’s “Happy Monday System,” which aimed to create long weekends and promote domestic travel.
Significance of the Day
Coming of Age Day symbolizes the transition from youth to adulthood and emphasizes responsibility, independence, and participation in society. Traditionally, turning 20 meant gaining legal rights such as voting, drinking alcohol, and smoking. Although Japan lowered the legal adulthood age to 18 in 2022, Coming of Age Day continues to celebrate 20-year-olds due to long-standing customs and social expectations.
The holiday encourages young adults to reflect on their roles in society while expressing gratitude to their families, teachers, and communities for their support.
How It Is Celebrated
The central event of Coming of Age Day is the Seijin Shiki, or Coming of Age Ceremony. Local governments organise these ceremonies at city halls, cultural centres, or public auditoriums. Newly recognised adults are invited to attend speeches by local officials, who offer congratulations and words of encouragement about civic responsibility and future contributions to society.
One of the most striking aspects of the celebration is traditional attire. Many women wear furisode, a formal kimono with long, flowing sleeves, often brightly coloured and intricately designed. Men may wear traditional hakama and kimono, though many choose modern formal suits. Preparation for these outfits often begins months in advance and may include professional hair styling and photography.
After the official ceremonies, young adults usually celebrate with family gatherings or reunite with friends for meals and social events. The day is filled with photographs, laughter, and a strong sense of nostalgia and pride.
Cultural Importance
Coming of Age Day highlights Japan’s respect for tradition while acknowledging the challenges faced by modern youth. It serves as a reminder that adulthood is not only about new freedoms but also about contributing positively to society.
By honouring young adults each January, Japan reinforces the values of responsibility, respect, and community, ensuring that the transition into adulthood is both meaningful and memorable.
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